# Reducing the Influence of Tiny Normwise Relative Errors on Performance Profiles

Dingle, Nicholas J. and Higham, Nicholas J. (2011) Reducing the Influence of Tiny Normwise Relative Errors on Performance Profiles. [MIMS Preprint]

It is a widespread but little-noticed phenomenon that the normwise relative error $\|x-y\| / \|x\|$ of vectors $x$ and $y$ of floating point numbers of the same precision, where $y$ is an approximation to $x$, can be many orders of magnitude smaller than the unit roundoff. We analyze this phenomenon and show that in the $\infty$-norm it happens precisely when $x$ has components of widely varying magnitude and every component of $x$ of largest magnitude agrees with the corresponding component of $y$. Performance profiles are a popular way to compare competing algorithms according to particular measures of performance. We show that performance profiles based on normwise relative errors can give a misleading impression due to the influence of zero or tiny normwise relative errors. We propose a transformation that reduces the influence of these extreme errors in a controlled manner, while preserving the monotonicity of the underlying data and leaving the performance profile unchanged at its left end-point. Numerical examples with both artificial and genuine data illustrate the benefits of the transformation.